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What Are The Basic Accounting Terminology?

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Last updated on 8 min read

In QuickBooks Desktop 2026, the accounting method defaults to Cash-Basis, which hides unpaid invoices and outstanding bills from the chart of accounts until you switch to Accrual-Basis accounting.

Quick Fix

Head to File > Preferences > Accounting in QuickBooks Desktop 2026 and flip the accounting method from “Cash” to “Accrual” if your chart of accounts isn’t showing unpaid invoices or outstanding bills.

What's Happening

QuickBooks Desktop 2026 starts every new company file with Cash-Basis accounting by default. That means it only logs income when cash lands in your account and expenses when cash leaves—no matter when you actually earned the money or racked up the bill. Accrual-Basis accounting, on the other hand, records income the moment you earn it and expenses the moment they’re incurred, regardless of when the cash changes hands. Sometimes balances still look wonky even after switching from Cash to Accrual. Usually, that’s because the account mapping or opening balances got scrambled—often after a year-end close or when upgrading the file.

Microsoft Support notes that accounting method changes require rebuilding the data file to ensure accuracy.

Step-by-Step Solution

  1. Fire up QuickBooks Desktop 2026 and log in as Admin.

  2. Choose Edit > Preferences (Ctrl+K).

  3. Pick Accounting from the left sidebar, then click the Company Preferences tab.

  4. Under “Use Accrual Basis Accounting,” select Accrual.

  5. Hit OK and wait for the “Rebuild Data” prompt. Confirm to rebuild.

  6. Go to Lists > Chart of Accounts. Right-click any asset or liability account and pick Edit Account.

  7. Double-check that the Account Type is correct—like Accounts Receivable or Accounts Payable.

  8. Look at the Opening Balance date and amount. If it’s from before 2024, the balance might be stale. Update it if needed.

  9. Pull up Reports > Accountant Reports > Trial Balance. Compare the totals to your 2025 year-end close file.

  10. If the numbers still don’t match, head to File > Utilities > Verify Data and run the diagnostics. Repair anything that comes up.

If the Trial Balance still doesn’t match your 2025 year-end close file after switching to Accrual-Basis, restore from a pre-close backup or manually re-enter 2026 transactions.

If This Didn’t Work

  • Restore from Backup: Close QuickBooks and pull up a pre-close backup from 2025-12-31. Open it, then re-enter all 2026 transactions from a printed or exported report.

  • Use Accountant’s Copy: Make an Accountant’s Copy (File > Accountant > Save File) and re-map any misaligned accounts in the Accountant’s Review window.

  • Manual Entry: Export the Trial Balance to Excel, tweak the misaligned accounts by hand, then reimport it via File > Utilities > Import using a properly formatted IIF file for QB Desktop 2026.

Intuit QuickBooks Support recommends using an Accountant’s Copy for complex adjustments.

To prevent future mismatches, always switch to Accrual-Basis before entering any 2026 data and schedule a year-end backup on 2025-12-31.

Prevention Tips

Always switch to Accrual-Basis before entering any 2026 data. When you create a new file, run the “Set Up Chart of Accounts” wizard. Schedule a year-end backup and export the Trial Balance to Excel on 2025-12-31. Make sure your team records invoices and bills right away—not when they get paid. For multi-user files, lock in Edit > Preferences > Accounting > “Use Accountant’s Copy” during year-end close so no one accidentally messes with the numbers while you’re working.

AccountingTools emphasizes the importance of consistent accounting methods for accurate financial reporting.

There are 10 basic accounting terms: Cash Flow, Cash-Flow Forecast, Marginal Costs, Income Statement, Financial Statement, Gross and Net Profit, Balance Sheet, Accrual Accounting, Accounts Payable, and Accounts Receivable.

There are 5 basic features of accounting: Revenue Recognition Principle, Cost Principle, Matching Principle, Full Disclosure Principle, and Objectivity Principle.

There are 5 basic features of accounting: Revenue Recognition Principle, Cost Principle, Matching Principle, Full Disclosure Principle, and Objectivity Principle.

  • Revenue Recognition Principle. When you’re recording information about your business, you need to consider the revenue recognition principle.
  • Cost Principle
  • Matching Principle
  • Full Disclosure Principle
  • Objectivity Principle

The 4 types of accounting are Corporate Accounting, Public Accounting, Government Accounting, and Forensic Accounting.

The basic accounting terms include Accounts Payable, Accounts Receivable, Accounting Period, Accruals, Accrual Basis Accounting, Assets, Balance Sheet, and Capital.

The basic accounting terms include Accounts Payable, Accounts Receivable, Accounting Period, Accruals, Accrual Basis Accounting, Assets, Balance Sheet, and Capital.

  • Accounts Payable. Money your business owes to suppliers or vendors for goods or services bought on credit.
  • Accounts Receivable. Money owed to your business by customers for goods or services delivered.
  • Accounting Period. A specific timeframe—usually a month, quarter, or year—used to track financial performance.
  • Accruals. Revenues earned or expenses incurred that haven’t yet hit the bank account.
  • Accrual Basis Accounting. Records income when earned and expenses when incurred, regardless of cash flow.
  • Assets. Everything your company owns that has value.
  • Balance Sheet. A snapshot of your company’s financial position at a specific point in time.
  • Capital. The money invested in your business by owners or shareholders.

The 3 types of accounting every business needs are cost accounting, managerial accounting, and financial accounting.

The golden rules of accounting are: Debit the receiver, credit the giver; Debit what comes in, credit what goes out; Debit all expenses and losses, credit all incomes and gains.

What is the golden rules of accounting?

Transaction Accounts involved Type of Accounts
Pays Rs.12,000 as rent Bank Account Real Account – Asset account

The keys of accounting are: Get Accurate Data, Process and Procedures, Systems and Financial Controls, and Strategic Decision Making Based on Financial Data.

You can learn basic accounting by: learning how to read and analyze financial statements; picking your learning style; setting aside dedicated time each week; practicing with real-world examples; and connecting with other accounting professionals.

The 3 golden rules are: Debit the receiver, credit the giver; Debit what comes in, credit what goes out; Debit all expenses and losses, credit all incomes and gains.

The 4 principles of GAAP are objectivity, materiality, consistency, and prudence.

The 3 basic principles of accounting are: Debit the receiver and credit the giver; Debit what comes in and credit what goes out; Debit expenses and losses, credit income and gains.

The major types of accounting are Financial accounting, Governmental accounting, Public accounting, Cost accounting, Forensic accounting, Management accounting, Tax accounting, and Auditing.

The 2 types of accounting are cash accounting and accrual accounting.

The 8 branches of accounting are Financial accounting, Cost accounting, Auditing, Managerial accounting, Accounting information systems, Tax accounting, Forensic accounting, and Fiduciary accounting.

The 5 types of accounts are assets, liabilities, equity, revenue, and expenses.

What are the 10 accounting terms?

  • Cash Flow
  • Cash-Flow Forecast
  • Marginal Costs
  • Income Statement
  • Financial Statement
  • Gross and Net Profit
  • Balance Sheet
  • Accrual Accounting
  • Accounts Payable
  • Accounts Receivable

What are the 5 basic features of accounting?

  • Revenue Recognition Principle. When you’re recording information about your business, you need to consider the revenue recognition principle.
  • Cost Principle
  • Matching Principle
  • Full Disclosure Principle
  • Objectivity Principle

What are the 4 types of accounting?

  • Corporate Accounting
  • Public Accounting
  • Government Accounting
  • Forensic Accounting

What are the basic accounting terms?

  • Accounts Payable. Money your business owes to suppliers or vendors for goods or services bought on credit.
  • Accounts Receivable. Money owed to your business by customers for goods or services delivered.
  • Accounting Period. A specific timeframe—usually a month, quarter, or year—used to track financial performance.
  • Accruals. Revenues earned or expenses incurred that haven’t yet hit the bank account.
  • Accrual Basis Accounting. Records income when earned and expenses when incurred, regardless of cash flow.
  • Assets. Everything your company owns that has value.
  • Balance Sheet. A snapshot of your company’s financial position at a specific point in time.
  • Capital. The money invested in your business by owners or shareholders.

What are the 3 types of accounting?

Every business needs three core accounting types to track income and expenses efficiently. These are cost accounting, managerial accounting, and financial accounting—each serving a distinct purpose.

What are the keys of accounting?

  • Get Accurate Data
  • Process and Procedures
  • Systems and Financial Controls
  • Strategic Decision Making Based on Financial Data

How can I learn basic accounting?

  1. Learn How to Read and Analyze Financial Statements
  2. Pick Your Learning Style—books, courses, or online tutorials
  3. Set Aside Dedicated Time Each Week
  4. Practice with Real-World Examples
  5. Connect with Other Accounting Professionals

What are the 3 golden rules?

  • Debit the receiver, credit the giver
  • Debit what comes in, credit what goes out
  • Debit all expenses and losses, credit all incomes and gains

What are the 4 principles of GAAP?

Four Constraints

The four basic constraints tied to GAAP include objectivity, materiality, consistency and prudence.

What are the 3 basic principles of accounting?

  • Debit the receiver and credit the giver
  • Debit what comes in and credit what goes out
  • Debit expenses and losses, credit income and gains

What are the major types of accounting?

  • Financial accounting
  • Governmental accounting
  • Public accounting
  • Cost accounting
  • Forensic accounting
  • Management accounting
  • Tax accounting
  • Auditing

What are the 2 types of accounting?

The two primary accounting methods are cash accounting and accrual accounting. Cash accounting records transactions when money changes hands. Accrual accounting records them when they occur, even if cash hasn’t moved yet. GAAP prefers accrual accounting for most businesses.

What are the 8 branches of accounting?

  • Financial accounting
  • Cost accounting
  • Auditing
  • Managerial accounting
  • Accounting information systems
  • Tax accounting
  • Forensic accounting
  • Fiduciary accounting

What are the 5 types of accounts?

There are five core account types in accounting: assets, liabilities, equity, revenue and expenses. They define how money flows in and out of your business, and each can be broken down further into subcategories.

Edited and fact-checked by the TechFactsHub editorial team.
David Okonkwo

David Okonkwo holds a PhD in Computer Science and has been reviewing tech products and research tools for over 8 years. He's the person his entire department calls when their software breaks, and he's surprisingly okay with that.